Categories | Tombstone Decoration |
---|---|
Brand Name: | B&R |
Model Number: | BD009 |
Certification: | CCPIT |
Place of Origin: | China |
MOQ: | 500-1000 pcs |
Price: | US$4.58-4.78 |
Supply Ability: | 500,000 pcs/month |
Packaging Details: | carton |
Color: | Bronze |
Material: | Brass (copper alloy) |
Origin: | China |
MOQ: | 500-1000pcs |
Shape: | bird |
Usage: | Tombstone |
Length: | 8cm |
Main information:
Product name:Brass decoration
Model: BD009
Brand: B&R
Application: Tombstone ,cemetery or others.
Origin: China
Manufacturer: Sumer International (Beijing) Trading Co.,Ltd
Product detail:
Size: L 8 cm bird shape
Material: Brass (Copper alloy)
Color /finishing: Antique Bronze
MOQ:500-1000 pcs
Packing: Carton
Main feature:
Professionally engaged in funeral field over 10 years;
Customized products acceptable;
Good quality and competitive price;
More Information:
Physical properties --- Copper | |
Phase | solid |
Melting point | 1357.77 K (1084.62 °C, 1984.32 °F) |
Boiling point | 2835 K (2562 °C, 4643 °F) |
Density near r.t. | 8.96 g/cm3 |
when liquid, at m.p. | 8.02 g/cm3 |
Heat of fusion | 13.26 kJ/mol |
Heat of vaporization | 300.4 kJ/mol |
Molar heat capacity | 24.440 J/(mol·K) |
Brass making in the Roman World
During the later part of first millennium BC the use of brass
spread across a wide geographical area from Britain and Spain in
the west to Iran, and India in the east.This seems to have been
encouraged by exports and influence from the Middle East and
eastern Mediterranean where deliberate production of brass from
metallic copper and zinc ores had been introduced. The 4th century
BC writer Theopompus, quoted by Strabo, describes how heating earth
from Andeira in Turkey produced "droplets of false silver",
probably metallic zinc, which could be used to turn copper into
oreichalkos.In the 1st century BC the Greek Dioscorides seems to
have recognised a link between zinc mineralsand brass describing
how Cadmia (zinc oxide) was found on the walls of furnaces used to
heat either zinc ore or copper and explaining that it can then be
used to make brass.
By the first century BC brass was available in sufficient supply to
use as coinage in Phrygia and Bithynia,and after the Augustan
currency reform of 23 BC it was also used to make Roman dupondii
and sestertii.The uniform use of brass for coinage and military
equipment across the Roman world may indicate a degree of state
involvement in the industry,and brass even seems to have been
deliberately boycotted by Jewish communities in Palestine because
of its association with Roman authority.
Brass was produced by the cementation process where copper and zinc
ore are heated together until zinc vapor is produced which reacts
with the copper. There is good archaeological evidence for this
process and crucibles used to produce brass by cementation have
been found on Roman period sites including Xanten and Nidda in
Germany, Lyonin France and at a number of sites in Britain. They
vary in size from tiny acorn sized to large amphorae like vessels
but all have elevated levels of zinc on the interior and are
lidded. They show no signs of slag or metalprills suggesting that
zinc minerals were heated to produce zinc vapor which reacted with
metallic copper in a solid state reaction. The fabric of these
crucibles is porous, probably designed to prevent a buildup of
pressure, and many have small holes in the lids which may be
designed to release pressure or to add additional zinc minerals
near the end of the process. Dioscorides mentioned that zinc
minerals were used for both the working and finishing of brass,
perhaps suggesting secondary additions.
More Picture:
Bird pair Brass decoration BD009
A copper disc (99.95% pure) made by continuous casting; etched to reveal crystallites.
BD008 &BD009 brass decoration